What is MDS?

What is MDS?

Understanding myelodysplastic syndromes and their impact on blood health

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of bone marrow disorders where the bone marrow doesn’t produce enough healthy blood cells. In MDS, the bone marrow produces blood cells that are abnormal in shape and don’t work properly. Over time, these abnormal cells crowd out healthy cells in the bone marrow and blood.

MDS primarily affects older adults, with most people diagnosed over the age of 65. The severity of MDS can range from mild to life-threatening. In about one-third of cases, MDS can progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a rapidly progressing cancer of the blood and bone marrow.

While the exact cause of MDS is often unknown, certain factors can increase risk, including previous chemotherapy or radiation treatment, exposure to certain chemicals, and genetic disorders. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life for people living with MDS.

Understanding MDS

Learn about the different types of myelodysplastic syndromes and how they affect your blood cells.

Causes & Risk Factors

Discover what factors can increase your risk of developing MDS.

Diagnosis

Learn how MDS is detected through blood tests and bone marrow biopsies.

Treatment Options

Explore the range of treatments available to manage your MDS.

Common Symptoms of MDS

Many people with MDS have no symptoms at first. When symptoms do occur, they may include:

  1. Fatigue and weakness: Due to a low red blood cell count (anemia), you may feel tired and weak even after resting
  2. Shortness of breath: Anemia can make it difficult to breathe, especially during physical activity
  3. Easy bruising or bleeding: Low platelet counts can cause you to bruise easily or experience frequent nosebleeds
  4. Frequent or severe infections: A shortage of normal white blood cells makes it harder for your body to fight infections
  1. Pale skin: Reduced red blood cells can cause your skin to look paler than usual
  2. Petechiae: Tiny red spots under the skin caused by bleeding due to low platelet counts
  3. Bone pain: Some people experience aching in their bones, particularly in the ribs or sternum

Quick Reference

Who Gets MDS?

  • Most common in adults over 65
  • Slightly more common in men
  • Rare in children and young adults
  • Can occur after cancer treatment
  • May run in families with certain genetic conditions

Next Steps

  • Talk to a hematologist about your diagnosis
  • Ask about your specific MDS subtype and risk score
  • Discuss treatment options and clinical trials
  • Connect with support groups
  • Learn about blood count monitoring